Use of advanced analytical tools like MATLAB/SIMULINK, SCILAB/XCOS, etc. for solution of engineering problems and their applications (Application of these soft wares depends on the various problems formulated in different departments). Information literacy, information sources (media, publishers, aggregators); validity of information, plagiarism and legal aspects. Information search – search engines, journal repositories, academic (social) networks, search strategies, personal contacts, tools for managing references. Integrating information literacy in research, cloud computing, audiovisual tools, e.g PowerPoint presentations. Literature review:
Reading and summarizing relevant articles, critical analysis and evaluation of research, identification of themes and comparators, writing review documents and identification of research (or knowledge) gaps. Scientific method and nature of evidence: Experimental methods and design methods (as may be applicable to individual departments and research areas), data collection and management of quantitative data. Human participants – expert reviews, focus groups, questionnaires and interviews. Project management and report writing: project planning, report structure and style, general report writing techniques

Philosophy of Engineering Design: techniques and analysis, synthesis and evaluation; The creative process: Design in the Corporate Environment: engineering research, marketing, finance and other corporate functions – and comprehensive design. Development Engineering; post-initial design development of new products, value engineering; development testing vs experimental research; case studies. Integrated treatment of mathematical modeling and analysis of systems. Modeling linear and nonlinear systems and their performance under transient, periodic and random loads, time domain and transfer techniques for linear continuous and discrete time systems. Transfer function, integral equation representation, and state model for selected control systems. State variable methods. State transition matrix for time- invariant and time varying continuous and discrete systems. Solving practical Engineering problems using
MATLAB/SIMULINK, MAPLE, MATHEMATICA, etc). Adjoint Systems. Singularity functions and superposition integrals for linear systems. Distributed parameter system analysis. Selected numerical analysis methods and applications. Theory of design, material consideration, optimization techniques, similitude, stability, design of experiments and evaluation of results.

A proposal report to be written and presented by the Masters degree student as a seminar to staff  and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders.

Overview of renewable energy technologies with focus on Solar, Wind, Bioenergy, hydropower (Pico, Micro, small scale & large scale), geothermal, tidal, wave, hydrogen and fuel cells etc. Brief review of conventional and emerging energy systems (technical, economic and environmental relevance and impact). Identification of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy resources assessment techniques and exploitation technologies. Solar resource evaluation techniques, physical basis of solar radiation, hotoelectric effect, definitions and explanations of key terms in photovoltaic (PV) technology-direct/diffuse/ global radiation/Albedo/Air mass, solar cells, module make-up, mono and polycrystalline and amorphous modules, thin-film, dye sensitized and organic cells. Solar thermal technology, geothermal tidal, and wave technologies. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy technologies. New energy technologies: Hydrogen, fuel cells, free energy (fly wheel etc). Nexus between renewable energy and Africa’s development. Types of biomass and their basic properties. Overview of biomass processing technologies. Applications of biomass. Economics of biomass. Trends in biomass energy utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Introduction to RE softwares such as RETScreen, HOMER, etc).

Equilibrium. First law. Second law. State principle, Zeroth law. Criteria for equilibrium. Temperature, Entropy and Exergy Analysis, Exergetic (Second law) efficiency, Chemical Exergy. Maxwell Relations. Open systems. Phase rule. Systems of one and two components. Idealized and real gases, mixtures, and solutions. Equations of state. Thermodynamic potentials. Heats of formation. Chemical Reactions. Chemical equilibrium and combustion in complex reacting systems. Frozen states in gas dissociation. Real gas dynamic applications. Emission of pollutants

Review of Heat Transfer. Fundamentals of Solar Energy: extraterrestrial irradiance and atmospheric extinction. Insolation correlations, total transmittance into buildings and irradiance 16 on inclined surfaces. Solar energy collection and storage; selective surfaces Eutectic salts. Direct use of Solar Energy: STEG and Solar cells. Solar Collectors, types, performance and ratings. Solar Refrigeration and Cooling of Buildings: active and passive coolers. Heating applications. The Solar powered organic vapour cycles. Open Air Space and the Legal implication of Solar Energy use in urban area.

Power Flow Problems – numerical methods for solution of AC and DC models of the power system. Analysis of faulted power system - balanced and unbalanced faults. Symmetrical components, sequence impedances of power system components – transmission lines, series and shunt faults, simultaneous faults. Power System Stability – Analysis of steady state stability of simple and complex power system.

Basic philosophy of protection schemes, classification of relays, Protection Schemes, Static Relays, Travelling wave relays, Microprocessor-based digital relays, Pilot relay protection, Apparatus protection. Recent development in digital protection, Surge Protection, Power System Management. SCADA

Industrial Internship for a duration of one month is compulsory for all ACE-SPED students. The internship, which is expected to be undertaken in one of our Sectoral partners establishments/industries/firms could lead to a project research and will culminate in a seminar presentation at the end of the internship.

ACE students are required to carry out a research-based project in any of the thematic areas of ACE-SPED under the guidance of an academic staff appointed by the Centre. This will be captured in a standard Project Report to be examined orally by a Board of Internal and External Examiners as laid down in the guidelines of the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of Nigeria. The report shall not have been, in part of in full submitted for any other diploma or degree of this University or of another educational institution.

Statistical thermodynamics: Systems and ensembles. Third law. Kinetic theory. Maxwell’s transfer equation. Thermodynamics equilibrium and viscous, heat conducting gases. Boltzmann statistics, quantum statistics. Dilute gas properties.

This course will build on ACE 625 but will concentrate on the use of advanced software packages (such as PSS/E, PowerWorld, PSCAD, etc) for power system applications. The course will consist of three blocks covering project assignment and exercise sessions on Load Flow, Fault Analysis and Transient & Voltage Stability. Exercises will be carried out using any of the transmission networks of the Sub-Saharan African region of interest to the student

Key issues underpinning the design of power system equipment. Design of major power system plant components: Turbines (classifications, design, rating), Boilers(classifications, design, rating), transformers (transformer design and structure, volts per
turn calculation, non-linear transient over voltage distribution etc); overhead lines (line design and top-tower geometry based on voltage level; insulator design, thermal and current rating etc); cables (design, single core/three phase construction etc); Switchgear (types, characteristics of an electric arc etc). Substation & Substation design – earthing systems and insulation coordination.

Continuum model; macroscopic properties of fluids, Thermodynamic relationship. Basic equations, methods of describing fluid motion; continuity equation, forces, stress tensor, strain and rotation; strain tensor, stress-rate of strain relation; Navier-Strokes and Energy equations. Special Equations; Non-dimensional equations, viscous, compressible and incompressible flows, creeping flows, inviscid compressible and incompressible flows, boundary conditions; boundary layers and turbulence. SoMEC solutions of the equations. Inviscid, incompressible flow around a circular cylinder; steady viscous incompressible pipe flow. Oscillating flat plate in a viscous
incompressible fluid

The electric power system: from producer to consumer – an historical overview and technical progress, power transmission with high voltage alternating currents (HVAC) and high voltage direct currents (HVDC) The design of a power system, required components, their principle function and design Laws, regulations and standards behind a power system Substations and switchyards. Insulation and isolators: Free air, GIS, solids etc. Calculation models for transient conditions, connection/disconnection, lightning- and switching over voltages, fault currents, oscillations and resonances. Neutral grounding relay protection. Measurement equipment

Basic Concept of Transmission Systems: Principal circuits, Telecommunication in transmission networks. Power Line Carrier Communication (PLC): Schemes, Applications, Carrier communication, Carrier protective relaying, Carrier telemetering, local control and frequency control, Carrier supervisory control and SCADA, telecontrol systems technical data, method of data
transmission. Fibre Optics: Data transmission, Digital message system, Carrier protecting signalling, Radio communication, Audio and Video conferencing. Satellite Communication. Real time Computer Control of Power Systems: Energy management system (EMS), SCADA system, Distribution Automation and Control System (DAC), Control of Voltage and Reactive Power: Generation and absorption of reactive power, Relationship between voltage, Power and reactive power at a note, Methods of voltage control - Injection of reactive power, Tap-changing transformers, Combine use of tap-changing transformer and reactive power injection, Booster
transformer. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR): Load frequency control with generation rate constraints (GRCs), Speed governor dead-band and its effects on AGC.

Review of Modes of Heat Transfer, and one-dimensional steady state conduction. Transient 1-D conduction. Internal Heat generation. Ablation. Review of Momentum transfer in Lamina and Turbulent Flows. Solutions for simple Geometries. Navier-Stokes Equations. Universal velocity Distribution and Empirical Correlations. Heat Transfer in Laminar Flow. Free and forced convection. Simple solutions and Correlations. Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flows. The Momentum-Heat Transfer Analogy. Analytical Solutions. Experimental Results for Forced and 18 Free Convection. Thermal Radiation. Radiation Networks. Heat Transfer Correlations in Boiling and Condensation. Heat Exchangers, boilers,condensers, coolers. NTU and other Design Methods, Mass Transfer in Stationery, Lamina and Turbulent Flows, Numerical and Analog Methods in Steady and Unsteady problems

Introduction to semiconductors. Basic ideas of quantum physics, energy bands, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. The Hall effect, thermoelectric effects and optical effects. Analysis and design of thermoelectric devices (generators and coolers), thermionic converters, fuel cells, photovoltaic generators, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power system.

Choice of broad research area with considerations of interdisciplinary topics, Identification of research/ knowledge gaps and research objectives. Role of technical reports in engineering projects. Fundamental principles of technical writing. Format of different types of reports, outlines, purpose and scope, technical discussion details, role of appendix, function of figures, equation editors, tables and illustration. Literature search, references (citing’s and listings). Nature of recommendations and conclusions. Guides for writing memoranda, business letters. Oral presentation of technical reports and thesis. Synopsis writing Developing long-term research plan, Identification of potential funding agencies and their requirements. Research objectives in relation to interests of the funding agencies. Estimating Page 13 of 14 research 20 timelines, Budget preparation, manpower requirements and availability, research facilities, legal issues, etc.

Advanced version of ACE 601

A proposal report to be written and presented by the PhD candidate as a seminar to staff and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders

Equilibrium. First law. Second law. State principle, Zeroth law. Criteria for equilibrium. Temperature, Entropy and Exergy Analysis, Exergetic (Second law) efficiency, Chemical Exergy. Maxwell Relations. Open systems. Phase rule. Systems of one and two components. Idealized and real gases, mixtures, and solutions. Equations of state. Thermodynamic potentials. Heats of formation. Chemical Reactions. Chemical equilibrium and combustion in complex reacting systems. Frozen states in gas dissociation. Real gas dynamic applications. Emission of pollutants. Statistical thermodynamics: Systems and ensembles. Third law. Kinetic theory. Maxwell’s
transfer equation. Thermodynamics equilibrium and viscous, heat conducting gases. Boltzmann statistics, quantum statistics. Dilute gas properties.

Power Flow Problems – numerical methods for solution of AC and DC models of the power system. Analysis of faulted power system - balanced and unbalanced faults. Symmetrical components, sequence impedances of power system components – transmission lines, series and shunt faults, simultaneous faults. Power System Stability – Analysis of steady state stability of simple and complex power system. Use of advanced software packages (such as PSS/E, PowerWorld, PSCAD, etc) for power system applications. Project assignment and exercise sessions on Load Flow, Fault Analysis and Transient & Voltage Stability. The Nigerian 330kV power transmission network will be used.

Industrial Internship for a duration of one month is compulsory for all ACE-SPED students. The internship, which is expected to be undertaken in one of our Sectoral partners could lead to a project research and will culminate in a seminar presentation at the end

A final progress report to be written and presented by the PhD candidate as a seminar to staff and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders. After successful revisions the PhD thesis shall be sent to a duly appointed External Examiner. Final examination of the thesis shall be by viva voce presentation.

A thesis shall embody original scholarship and independent research which must make a distinct contribution to knowledge in an area of energy and power engineering. The thesis must be submitted in an approved format and defended in an oral examination.

Advanced considerations in the design of major power system plant components: Turbines (classifications, design, rating), Boilers(classifications, design, rating), transformers (transformer design and structure, volts per turn calculation, non-linear transient over voltage distribution etc); overhead lines (line design and top-tower geometry based on voltage level; insulator design, thermal and current rating etc); cables (design, single core/three phase construction etc); Switchgear (types, characteristics of an electric arc etc). Substation & Substation design – earthing systems and insulation coordination

Power transmission with high voltage alternating currents (HVAC) and high voltage direct currents (HVDC) The design of a power system, required components, their principle function and design Laws, regulations and standards behind a power system, substations and switchyards. Insulation and isolators: Free air, GIS, solids etc. Calculation models for transient conditions, connection/disconnection, lightning- and switching over voltages, fault currents, oscillations and resonances. Neutral grounding relay protection. Measurement equipment.

Continuum model; macroscopic properties of fluids, Thermodynamic relationship. Basic equations, methods of describing fluid motion; continuity equation, forces, stress tensor, strain and rotation; strain tensor, stress-rate of strain relation; Navier-Strokes and Energy equations. 22 Special Equations; Non-dimensional equations, viscous, compressible and incompressible flows, creeping flows, inviscid compressible and incompressible flows, boundary conditions; boundary layers and turbulence. SoMEC solutions of the equations. Inviscid, incompressible flow around a circular cylinder; steady viscous incompressible pipe flow. Oscillating flat plate in a viscous