Use of advanced analytical tools like MATLAB/SIMULINK, SCILAB/XCOS, etc. for solution of engineering problems and their applications (Application of these soft wares depends on the various problems formulated in different departments). Information literacy, information sources (media, publishers, aggregators); validity of information, plagiarism and legal aspects. Information search – search engines, journal repositories, academic (social) networks, search strategies, personal contacts, tools for managing references. Integrating information literacy in research, cloud computing, audiovisual tools, e.g PowerPoint presentations. Literature review:
Reading and summarizing relevant articles, critical analysis and evaluation of research, identification of themes and comparators, writing review documents and identification of research (or knowledge) gaps. Scientific method and nature of evidence: Experimental methods and design methods (as may be applicable to individual departments and research areas), data collection and management of quantitative data. Human participants – expert reviews, focus groups, questionnaires and interviews. Project management and report writing: project planning, report structure and style, general report writing techniques

Philosophy of Engineering Design: techniques and analysis, synthesis and evaluation; The creative process: Design in the Corporate Environment: engineering research, marketing, finance and other corporate functions – and comprehensive design. Development Engineering; post-initial design development of new products, value engineering; development testing vs experimental research; case studies. Integrated treatment of mathematical modeling and analysis of systems. Modeling linear and nonlinear systems and their performance under transient, periodic and random loads, time domain and transfer techniques for linear continuous and discrete time systems. Transfer function, integral equation representation, and state model for selected control systems. State variable methods. State transition matrix for time- invariant and time varying continuous and discrete systems. Solving practical Engineering problems using
MATLAB/SIMULINK, MAPLE, MATHEMATICA, etc). Adjoint Systems. Singularity functions and superposition integrals for linear systems. Distributed parameter system analysis. Selected numerical analysis methods and applications. Theory of design, material consideration, optimization techniques, similitude, stability, design of experiments and evaluation of results.

A proposal report to be written and presented by the Masters degree student as a seminar to staff and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders.

Review of structures, characteristics, modelling, safe operating requirement and protection of silicon/silicon-carbide/gallium-nitride based power semiconductor devices namely:
i. Power Diodes.
ii. Power Transistors (Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), Fields Effect Transistors (FETs),
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)).
iii. Thyristors (Silicon controlled Rectifiers (SCRs), Gate Turn off Thyristors (GTOs), Triacs and MOS controlled Thyristors (MCTs)).
Power semiconductor device integration and fabrication techniques to achieve high breakdown
voltages, high current carrying capability, low on resistance, fast switching speed and high
reliability

Review of magnetic fields, complex magnetic Circuits and Inductors, Transformers: frequency-dependent equivalent circuits, inrush currents. d-q modeling of AC Machines (induction 34  machines, synchronous machines, PM Machines, reluctance machines  (synchronous reluctanceandswitchedreluctancemachines) including dynamic simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink.

Overview of renewable energy technologies with focus on Solar, Wind, Bioenergy, hydropower (Pico, Micro, small scale & large scale), geothermal, tidal, wave, hydrogen and fuel cells etc. Brief review of conventional and emerging energy systems (technical, economic and environmental relevance and impact). Identification of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy resources assessment techniques and exploitation technologies. Solar resource evaluation techniques, physical basis of solar radiation,  photoelectric effect, definitions and explanations of key terms in photovoltaic (PV) technology-direct/diffuse/ global radiation/Albedo/Air mass, solar cells, module make-up, mono and polycrystalline and amorphous modules, thin-film, dye sensitized and organic cells. Solar thermal technology, geothermal tidal, and wave technologies. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy technologies. New energy technologies: Hydrogen, fuel cells, free energy (fly wheel etc). Nexus between renewable 36 energy and Africa’s development. Types of biomass and their basic properties. Overview of biomass processing technologies. Applications of biomass. Economics of biomass. Trends in biomass energy utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Introduction to RE softwares such as

Review of sensors (voltage, current, power, torque, frequency, temperature, flow rate, position and pressure sensors). Review of Laplace Transforms for (representing process control systems and solving ordinary differential equations). First Order System, Second Order System, Integrating Systems and Dead Time in Controller Algorithms. Coordinate Transform (dqo axis transform) of Multiphase Variables (such as voltage, current and flux) for dynamic and steady state systems. Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems. State Vector Modeling/Analysis of Controlled Devices/Systems. Stability Analysis Methods of Linear and Nonlinear Control Systems using the Continuous Time and Discrete Time Space Vector Control Concepts.

Power Flow Problems – numerical methods for solution of AC and DC models of the power system. Analysis of faulted power system - balanced and unbalanced faults. Symmetrical components, sequence impedances of power system components – transmission lines, series and shunt faults, simultaneous faults. Power System Stability – Analysis of steady state stability of simple and complex power system.

Classification of Instruments in Power Plant – Mechanical Instruments and Electrical Instruments; Thermal Power Station, Combined/Cogen Plant; Power Plant operation – efficiency, reliability, accuracy, cost and safety; operating values and ranges of parameters – temperature, pressure, flow and levels; plant safety life-cycles and safety integrity levels; Power Plant control system – integrating process control and substation automation; control types – model based coordinated control concept, adaptive control, gain-scheduling control

ACE students are required to carry out a research-based project in any of the thematic areas of ACE-SPED under the guidance of an academic staff appointed by the Centre. This will be captured in a standard Project Report to be examined orally by a Board of Internal and External Examiners as laid down in the guidelines of the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of Nigeria. The report shall not have been, in part of in full submitted for any other diploma or degree of this University or of another educational institution.

Design, analysis and control of switch-mode power supply topologies namely:
i. DC to DC Converters
ii. AC to DC Converters
iii. DC to AC Converters
Case study applications in computers, communications gadgets, sensor/metering gadgets,  medical devices, energy saving lighting systems/displays, electric vehicles, electric power storage systems, power system controllers etc. Efficiency optimization of switch mode power  supply.

Control of dc motors: fully controlled rectifier and chopper drives. Variable frequency operation of three phase symmetrical induction machine: Scalar control methods for constant power and constant torque modes. Speed control of wound rotor induction machine based on static resistance control. Slip-energy recovery drives of induction machines. Vector control of induction motor and permanent magnet machines drives: Concept of space vectors, direct and indirect field orientation. Indirect field orientation control of Induction
machine and PM synchronous machines. Sensorless direct torque control of Induction machine and PM machines. Field weakening
control of induction machines, salient and non-salient PM machines.

Digital logic families, linear integrated circuit components, small signal discrete components and their main specifications. Common transducers, Microprocessor programmed logic. Design of firing/gating logic circuits for controlled rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cyclo-converters. Design of voltage, current, power and frequency regulation circuits for motor drives and power supplies. Microprocessor-based logic control methods.

Grid-connected PV and wind systems. Power Electronic Transformers: Power Electronics DC transformer (PEDCT) and Power Electronics AC Transformer (PEACT). FACTS Devices: Static Var Compensators (SVC), Static Comparator (STATCOM) and Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPST). Active Power Filters (APF). Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Concept of Multilevel inverters (MLIs).

Resistance heating. Three-phase and two-phase electrode arc furnaces. Types of induction heating furnaces. Frequency selection in induction heating power supplies: mains frequency, mains frequency triplers, motor generator sets and variable frequency inverters and cyclo-inverters.

Introduction to energy storage for power systems: Role of energy storage systems, applications. Overview of energy storage technologies: Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical, Electrochemical, Electrical. Efficiency of energy storage systems. Electrical energy storage: Batteries, Super capacitors, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), charging methodologies, SoC, SoH estimation techniques. Hydrogen production and storage, fuel cells. Mobile storage system: electric vehicle, G2V, V2G. Hybrid Energy storage systems: configurations and applications. Storage for renewable energy systems: Solar energy, Wind energy, Pumped hydro energy, fuel
cells. Energy storage in Microgrid and Smart grid. Energy Management with storage systems, Battery SCADA, Increase of energy conversion efficiencies by introducing energy storage.

Introduction to theoretical and applied mechatronics, design and operation of mechatronics systems; mechanical, electrical, electronic, and opto-electronic components; sensors and actuators including signal conditioning and power electronics; microcontrollers—fundamentals, programming, and interfacing; and feedback control. Includes structured and term projects in the design and development of proto-type integrated mechatronic systems. Concepts, techniques, algorithms, and state-of-the-art approaches for mobile robots and robot manipulators covering modeling, control and simulation. Direct and inverse kinematics problem, Denavit-Hartenberg representation, Euler and RPY angles, homogeneous transformations, Manipulator Jacobian, differential relationships, force and moment analysis, inverse Jacobian,  trajectory generation and path planning. Robot arm dynamics and PD and PID controllers for
robotic manipulators, practical robotic system implementation aspects, limitations and constraints, and sensors and actuators.

Choice of broad research area with considerations of interdisciplinary topics, Identification of research/ knowledge gaps and research objectives. Role of technical reports in engineering projects. Fundamental principles of technical writing. Format of different types of reports, outlines, purpose and scope, technical discussion details, role of appendix, function of figures, equation editors, tables and illustration. Literature search, references (citing’s and listings). Nature of recommendations and conclusions. Guides for writing memoranda, business letters. Oral presentation of technical reports and thesis. Synopsis writing Developing long-term research plan, Identification of potential funding agencies and their requirements. Research 38 objectives in relation to interests of the funding agencies. Estimating Page 13 of 14 research timelines, Budget preparation, manpower requirements and availability, research facilities, legal issues, etc.

Advanced version of ACE 601

A proposal report to be written and presented by the PhD candidate as a seminar to staff and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders.

Design, analysis and control of switch-mode power supply topologies namely: DC to DC Converters, AC to DC Converters, DC to AC Converters with selected case study applications in computers, communications gadgets, sensor/metering gadgets, medical devices, energy saving lighting systems/displays, electric vehicles, electric power storage systems, power system controllers etc. Efficiency optimization of switch mode power supply.

Industrial Internship for a duration of one month is compulsory for all ACE-SPED students. The internship, which is expected to be undertaken in one of our Sectoral partners could lead to a project research and will culminate in a seminar presentation at the end.

A final progress report to be written and presented by the PhD candidate as a seminar to staff and students of ACE-SPED and other interested stake-holders. After successful revisions the PhD thesis shall be sent to a duly appointed External Examiner. Final examination of the thesis shall be by viva voce presentation

A thesis shall embody original scholarship and independent research which must make a distinct contribution to knowledge in an area of industrial electronics and power devices. The thesis must be submitted in an approved format and defended in an oral examination

Review of d-q modeling of AC Machines (induction machines, synchronous machines, PM Machines, reluctance machines (synchronous reluctance and switched reluctance machines) including dynamic simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink. Vector control of induction 39 motor and permanent magnet machines drives: Concept of space vectors, direct and indirect field orientation.Indirect field orientation control of Induction machine and PM synchronous machines. Sensorless direct torque control of Induction machine and PM machines. Field weakening control of induction machines, salient and non-salient PM machines.

Grid integration of PV and wind systems. Power Electronic Transformers: Power Electronics DC transformer (PEDCT) and Power Electronics AC Transformer (PEACT). FACTS Devices in Power Systems: Static Var Compensators (SVC), Static Comparator (STATCOM) and Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPST). Active Power Filters (APF). Unified Power Flow Controller
(UPFC). Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Multilevel inverters (MLIs): Topologies and classifications

Characteristics of Medium frequency induction heating, Radio- frequency induction heating, Electric-field based theory of induction heating, Heat transfer in induction heating, Economic and thermal efficiencies of induction heating sources. Special applications of induction heating.